Open letter to G. Fragnière
par
Publication : juillet 1987
Mise en ligne : 17 juillet 2009
Dans le cadre de ces pages que nous réservons depuis quelques numéros à l’association internationale pour le revenu garanti (créée en septembre dernier par des représentants de 14 pays européens) nous avons publié la traduction française de plusieurs interventions au Congrès de Louvain-la-Neuve. Celle de G. Fragnière, dans notre numéro de Mai, a donné à P. Vila l’envie de poursuivre la discussion en s’adressant dans nos colonnes à son auteur. Nous prions nos lecteurs qui ne lisent pas l’anglais de nous excuser de publier dans cette langue sa lettre ouverte. Mais si, comme nous l’espérons, elle nous vaut des réponses de la part des membres de B.I.E.N. (dont la langue de travail est l’anglais), nous publierons la traduction du débat ainsi engagé.
Dear Mr Fragniere,
Thank you for your concise proposals about B-I-(basic
income), published in French in "la Grande Relève",
May 1987. You aptly correct the stillkeeping opinion which tends to
belittle B.I. as another social charity. Ail French abondantists must
realize the importance of your program.
We hope and try to convince our fellow-citizen that the sources of
economic crises lie beyond the orthodox descriptions of the "statu-quo"
policy-makers, be they on the side of liberal or state capitalism.
The main contradiction in their theories is that they restrict the
right to consume to wage position owners only, while economic progress
fnevitably reduces the number of these positions.
Our zero-order information channels keep people’s minds on the social
disputes and crimes without looking for the roots of the crisis.
At expertes level an opinion smear is still prevalent against the
sa necessary B.I.
What could be done here and now about it ?
We need firstly to inform all European people of goodwill to start
with in this journal.
Secondly we should prepare practical reforms, constitutional and legislative,
towards a B.I. system.
In this perpective I am taking the liberty to comment on your arguments
and to venture a few suggestions.
1. Prices
You want to put forward a natural price value for
goods and services, to be based on wealth creation. It is effectively
the sole fair criterion, known only at the instant of exchange. Thinking
about resources, man dies flot create wealth ; he merely draws into
the (exhaustible) world’s supply. Less this wealth-tapping process
requires labour, the more valuable it is.
From the point of view of the orthodox "demand and supply"
statics of exchange, the trouble with economic modernization is that
it amplifies toi rapidly our outputs ; financial speculation itself
becomes disoriented..
This has created as many different sub-crises with different phase-lags
as there are nations with various traditions, social assets and economic
links.
Hence the ever-mistaken predictions of our orthodox economists. One
key element forgotten in their equations is the distinction you make
between the real value of the wealth created by a given operation,
and the financial sum allowed by the banking system to represent it.
This difference is just recently suggested in the traditional French
press (C. de Boissieu, le Monde, 26 May 1987) : in fact the two sums
never coincide. They remained almost similar in old times of stagnant
scarcity ; they now differ widely, as the banks fiddle more and more
with money creation ; internai checks on their accounts remain impossible
except for deposit accounts, as banks branch into one another to form
a world monopoly that keeps quiet and serves no other interest than
theirs. The effect of this monopoly on the Debt of nations was nicknamed
in the early 1920’s by Major H.C. Douglas in England as the "A+B"
theorem of money creation, and can be summarized as follows ; when
lending you a sum of money for the value A the bank makes you sign
an agreement that you will repay in due time the value A+B. Your operation
may yield more than this value in production, but to find the money
sum B you must take it from other pockets, in fact from another bank
loan. Generalizing this to nations shows how the bank monopoly holds
an advantage on entrepreneurs and nations. Since Philippe Auguste,
our states have been in growing debts to banking institutions and
State powers protect the money power in exchange of easier ternis
for settling this Debt. Recent rebellion against this rule have caused
Napoleon’s fall, and the short-lived break from IMF engagements by
De Gaulle in 1962.
The last twenty years have seen a dangerous rise of world-scale financial
rings which openly operate over the heads of government "authorities".
2. Wages
In your second point you turn to the consequences
of the "bankism" on employment. The orthodox schoolmasters
have extended to wage values the market demand-and-supply rule. Keynes’s
equations oversimplified the problem by assuming "quasi-full"
employment ; however the last twenty years of econometry results invalidate
these models totally. Your argument on prices and the above discussion
confirm the economic necessity to dissociate the human right to consume
from jobs. In our economies of surpluses it should be another fundamental
right of individuals to feel free from the tyranny of want, or of
administrative-employee statute, reminders of feudal inefficiency.
Looking more economically at the work function of people we need to
evaluate the real credit increment of employed service, as different
from the bank credit evaluation. If it became ni longer a moral duty
to hold a job we could end with the sordid indulgence of employment
on social charity grounds and with ail the distortions which paralyse
our Social Service reformers. Medical institutions suffer from the
contradiction of money power versus begging-for-help of a growing
mass of penniless customers, again more acute with the medical progress.
Real welfare will become, with education, a bigger challenge Chan
Steel or chemicals per se.
3. Social aspect of B.I.
The only nationalised services modern states need
are those of Credit, which would record the real economic wealth aggregates
and manage individual accounts on the basis of B.I., under the same
principles as the INSEE description, but with more transparency than
in the actual French system where statistics and individual accounts
ignore one another.
Our liberals were justified in 1982-1984 to demand proper evaluation
of costs in the French State enterprises, but, now, their policies
oriented on financial profits has in reverse advantaged private speculation
and they must turn back to less anti-social measures or will soon
be outvoted. Party politics simply occult the need for much more fundamental
reforms such as B.I.
Since the last eighteen months the world financial circuits have been
visibly disturbed. Their unlimited control on credit, money circulation
and foreign exchange started to go wild, leaving larger and larger
place to high-risk speculation, another kind of concurrenceextenuating
war. The steady orchestration of harvest and distribution of the real
production crop gave way to barter practices between producers and
to some characteristics frauds. Sa far the Japanese authorities seem
to have resisted these swindles the best, Americans and British the
worst. Are times ripe for banker’s repentance ? .
On your points 4 and 5 one cannot but fully agree. It is consumable
production that money should reflect and follow through its many circuits,
not the other way round, production to be waiting on money warden’s
goodwill ; for this representation to be true we should cancel the
equivalent credit sum at the final stage of consumption. Wauld then
the sum of credit gains of all operators represent the whole country
assets ? No, because real credits amounts to much more than the present
performance of the system. We should be able to add to it the value
of useful potentially available production and the not-yet developed
resources on a yearly extrapolation basis weighted by tendency indicators.
Further, for a given population real credit increases with internal
solidarity, education and production-oriented research. Here the time
factors need investigation, questions more strategic than the parameters
of the weapon’s race.
This introduces new unknowns like the value of creativity, energy
and social weil-beeing of our fellow citizen. All qualities very far
from the beating-up and mutual extorsion features still required in
the present money-power system.
The sharing of a basic lncome among all human beings of a country
is the simplest social justice and the best self-regulator of the
economy. Those citizen with productive incomes are nowadays the privileged
class, lucky enough to hold the favourable conditions that only a
few weil-informed teachers can detect when interviewing would-be workers,
but that nobody can precisely foresee. Ail human beings are consumers
(not all require the same consumption ; none of the essentials of daily
Burundi life coincide with Dutch necessities) ; but everywhere people
need more and more education, self-formation, research and social
amenities which are not immediately productive. Our successes of to-morrow
lie in our present education system, otherwise a basic lncome might
not appear In France although its basic principle were proposed fifty
years ago by Senator Jacques Duboin.
Unfortunately, militancy of a few and qualitative descriptions are
not enough to dissipate the horizon. The chance of our EEC nations
lies in mutual clarity about their respective situations, their differences
and in their steadiness in negociation ; painful first steps on the
road to evolutive democracy. At least these negociations have prevented
the stupidity of ever-exporting surpluses, deficits and unfair deals.
Europe now means much more Chan steel, wheat, services and ECU transactions.
You conclude by an appeal to hold the challenge and to start a B.I.E.N.
concertation. While I think we all agree about it basically, I feel
this plan still needs protection, much more than "our" gold
reserves. Defence of such a reform should be carefully organized everywhere ;
can we hope for a tidal-wave success storming all our countries together,
or is inter-nation tactics more likely to win ?
The avenues of "power" are no longer on barricades ; neither
in bourgeois drawing rooms or ministry offices. They are in a clearer
appreciation of the people for rights, justice and love. The mediatico-political
entertainement of our present commercial culture maintain toi cloudy
an atmosphere around the tribal "faits divers" of our political
"class". For a millenary, imperialist feuds have decimated
our ancestors youth at every generation. Let us not run for scapegoats
but realize that for the last two centuries finance power has successfully
checked any attempt to do without its rule ; it invested.in turn every
leading nation, France at the close of the eighteen’s century, England
throughout the nineteen’sth, the USA since. It has led them through
economic imbalance in moral decline and political backwardness. The
Japanese authorities seem to sense the danger of opening their currency
channels to the great creditmongers (recent information suggests however
that they are giving up through the blind computer-transactionite,
andd suffer moral obligations to respect their proletarian workers
while holding out the pressure of their esclavagist satellites).
Here in B.I.E.N. circles we should prepare a program with securities
from Bank-monopolyretaliation. The risk that the Cities of London
and Frankfort might yield to overseas operators seems to me no less
a menace as the Soviet KGB and armies over here.
Be it one country at a time or all together, we need planning quantitatively
the various scenarios of B.I. and we must prepare a careful strategy
to implement it.
It remains our best hope to emerge out of this economie World War.